An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
Textbook
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
Textbook
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
Textbook
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
Textbook
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
Textbook
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
Textbook
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
Textbook
Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
Textbook
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
Textbook
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
Textbook
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
Textbook
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
Textbook
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
Textbook
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
Textbook
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
Textbook
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
Textbook
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
Textbook
Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
Textbook
Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
Textbook
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
Textbook
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
Textbook
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or…
Textbook
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
Textbook
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
Textbook
One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
Textbook
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
Textbook
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
Textbook
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
Textbook
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
Textbook
A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
Textbook
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
Textbook
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
Textbook
To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
Textbook
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin