Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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