An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
Textbook
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
Textbook
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
Textbook
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
Textbook
Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
Textbook
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
Textbook
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To the layperson, this may seem to be a…
Textbook
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
Textbook
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
Textbook
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
Textbook
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
Textbook
Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
Textbook
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
Textbook
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
Textbook
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
Textbook
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
Textbook
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
Textbook
A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
Textbook
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or…
Textbook
Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
Textbook
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
Textbook
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
Textbook
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
Textbook
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
Textbook
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
Textbook
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
Textbook
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
Textbook
There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
Textbook
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
Textbook
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
Textbook
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
Textbook
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
Textbook
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
Textbook
Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
Textbook
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
Textbook
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
Textbook
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
Textbook
Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin