Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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