Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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