Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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