Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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