Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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