Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
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