Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
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