One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
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