Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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