Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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