Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
Textbook
Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
Textbook
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
Textbook
This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
Textbook
There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
Textbook
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
Textbook
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
Textbook
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
Textbook
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
Textbook
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
Textbook
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
Textbook
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
Textbook
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
Textbook
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
Textbook
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
Textbook
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
Textbook
Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
Textbook
The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
Textbook
Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
Textbook
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
Textbook
An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
Textbook
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
Textbook
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
Textbook
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
Textbook
Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
Textbook
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
Textbook
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
Textbook
A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
Textbook
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
Textbook
The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
Textbook
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
Textbook
Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
Textbook
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
Textbook
Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
Textbook
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin