A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
Textbook
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
Textbook
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
Textbook
Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
Textbook
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
Textbook
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
Textbook
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
Textbook
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
Textbook
Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
Textbook
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
Textbook
Linearity of Measurement Instruments The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
Textbook
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
Textbook
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
Textbook
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
Textbook
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
Textbook
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
Textbook
A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
Textbook
In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
Textbook
A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
Textbook
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
Textbook
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
Textbook
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
Textbook
There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
Textbook
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
Textbook
A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
Textbook
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
Textbook
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
Textbook
For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
Textbook
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
Textbook
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
Textbook
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
Textbook
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin