In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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