One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
Textbook
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
Textbook
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
Textbook
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
Textbook
A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
Textbook
Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
Textbook
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
Textbook
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
Textbook
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
Textbook
One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
Textbook
An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
Textbook
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
Textbook
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
Textbook
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
Textbook
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
Textbook
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
Textbook
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
Textbook
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
Textbook
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
Textbook
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
Textbook
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
Textbook
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult for new students of instrumentation to…
Textbook
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
Textbook
One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
Textbook
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
Textbook
Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
Textbook
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
Textbook
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
Textbook
For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
Textbook
A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
Textbook
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
Textbook
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
Textbook
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
Textbook
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin