“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
Textbook
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
Textbook
Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
Textbook
The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
Textbook
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
Textbook
Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
Textbook
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
Textbook
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
Textbook
Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
Textbook
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
Textbook
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
Textbook
Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
Textbook
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
Textbook
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
Textbook
Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
Textbook
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
Textbook
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
Textbook
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
Textbook
Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
Textbook
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
Textbook
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
Textbook
There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
Textbook
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
Textbook
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
Textbook
As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
Textbook
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
Textbook
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
Textbook
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
Textbook
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
Textbook
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
Textbook
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
Textbook
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
Textbook
A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
Textbook
A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
Textbook
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
Textbook
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
Textbook
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
Textbook
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
Textbook
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
Textbook
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
Textbook
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
Textbook
Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin