A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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